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Daily Facts - July 12
Births100 BC - Gaius Julius Caesar, Roman soldier and politician (d. 44 BC)
1394 - Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (d. 1441)
1468 - Juan del Encina, Spanish poet and composer
1596 - Tsar Michael I of Russia (d. 1645)
1674 - Abigail Williams, American accuser in the Salem witch trials (d. 1765)
1675 - Evaristo Abaco, Italian composer (d. 1742)
1730 - Josiah Wedgwood, English potter (d. 1795)
1803 - Peter Chanel, French priest and saint (d. 1841)
1807 - Thomas Hawksley, English civil engineer (d. 1893)
1817 - Henry David Thoreau, American writer and philosopher (d. 1862)
1819 - Charles Kingsley, English writer (d. 1875)
1824 - Eugène Boudin, French painter (d. 1898)
1828 - Nikolai Chernyshevsky, Russian philosopher (d. 1889)
1849 - Sir William Osler, Canadian physician and author (d. 1919)
1850 - Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (d. 1912)
1852 - Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of Argentina (d. 1933)
1854 - George Eastman, American inventor (d. 1932)
1861 - George Washington Carver, American botanist (d. 1943)
1863 - Paul Karl Ludwig Drude, German physicist (d. 1906)
1863 - Albert Calmette, French physician (d. 1933)
1868 - Stefan George, German poet (d. 1933)
1870 - Louis II of Monaco (d. 1949)
1876 - Max Jacob, French poet (d. 1944)
1880 - Tod Browning, American film director (d. 1962)
1884 - Amedeo Modigliani, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1920)
1886 - Jean Hersholt, Danish film director and actor (d. 1956)
1892 - Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter (d. 1942)
1895 - Kirstin Flagstad, Norwegian soprano (d. 1962)
1895 - Buckminster Fuller, American architect (d. 1983)
1895 - Oscar Hammerstein II, American lyricist (d. 1960)
1904 - Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
1908 - Milton Berle, American comedian (d. 2002)
1909 - Joe DeRita, American actor and comedian (d. 1993)
1913 - Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
1917 - Andrew Wyeth, American artist
1920 - Pierre Berton, Canadian journalist and writer (d. 2004)
1920 - Beah Richards, American actress (d. 2000)
1922 - Mark Hatfield, U.S. Senator from Oregon
1925 - Roger B. Smith, American automobile executive
1928 - Elias James Corey, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
1930 - Gordon Pinsent, Canadian actor, director, and writer
1932 - Otis Davis, American runner
1933 - Donald E. Westlake, American author
1934 - Van Cliburn, American pianist
1937 - Bill Cosby, American comedian and actor
1937 - Lionel Jospin, former Prime Minister of France
1938 - Wieger Mensonides, Dutch swimmer
1942 - Billy Smith, Australian rugby player
1943 - Christine McVie, British singer, musician, and songwriter (Fleetwood Mac)
1943 - Walter Murch, American film editor
1947 - Gareth Edwards, Welsh rugby player
1948 - Walter Egan, American singer
1948 - Richard Simmons, American fitness trainer
1948 - Jay Thomas, American actor
1949 - John Wetton, British bassist and vocalist (King Crimson, Asia)
1951 - Cheryl Ladd, American actress
1952 - Voja Antonić, Serbian inventor and writer
1956 - Sandi Patty, American singer
1962 - Dan Murphy, American guitarist (Soul Asylum)
1964 - Gaby Roslin, English television presenter
1965 - Robin Wilson, American singer
1967 - Richard Herring, English comedian
1967 - John Petrucci, American guitar player (Dream Theater)
1969 - Lisa Nicole Carson, American actress
1971 - Kristi Yamaguchi, American figure skater
1972 - Travis Best, American basketball player
1972 - Brett Reed, American muscian (Rancid)
1973 - Magoo, American rapper
1973 - Christian Vieri, Italian football player
1974 - Gregory Helms, American professional wrestler
1974 - Sharon den Adel, Dutch singer (Within Temptation)
1974 - Stelios Giannakopoulos, Greek footballer
1976 - Dan Boyle, Canadian Hockey Player, and Olympic Reserve
1976 - Anna Friel, British actress
1976 - Tracie Spencer, American singer
1977 - Brock Lesnar, American professional wrestler
1978 - Topher Grace, American actor
1978 - Michelle Rodriguez, American actress
1982 - Antonio Cassano, Italian footballer
1983 - Megumi Kawamura, Japanese Volleyballer
1984 - Gareth Gates, British singer
1984 - Michael McGovern, Northern Irish footballer
1985 - Luiz Ejlli, Albanian singer
1988 - Melissa O'Neil, Canadian singer
1990 - Charles Hamblin, British musican
1991 - Erik Per Sullivan, American actor
1995 - Georgie Henley, English actress
Deaths783 - Bertrada, wife of Pippin III (b. 720)
1441 - Ashikaga Yoshinori, Japanese shogun (b. 1394)
1536 - Erasmus, Dutch writer and philosopher
1584 - Steven Borough, English explorer (b. 1525)
1664 - Stefano della Bella, Italian printmaker (b. 1610)
1682 - Jean Picard, French astronomer (b. 1620)
1693 - John Ashby, English admiral
1712 - Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. 1626)
1742 - Evaristo Abaco, Italian composer (b. 1675)
1749 - Charles de la Boische, Marquis de Beauharnois, Governor of New France
1773 - Johann Joachim Quantz, German flutist and composer (b. 1697)
1804 - Alexander Hamilton, first United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1755)
1845 - Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian author (b. 1808)
1910 - Charles Stewart Rolls, British engineer and aviator (b. 1887)
1918 - Dragutin Lerman, Croatian explorer (b. 1864)
1926 - Gertrude Bell, English archaeologist, writer, spy, and administrator (b. 1868)
1931 - Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1866)
1935 - Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (b. 1859)
1945 - Wolfram von Richthofen, German field marshal (b. 1895)
1949 - Douglas Hyde, first President of Ireland (b. 1860)
1950 - Elsie De Wolfe, American socialite and interior decorator (b. 1865)
1962 - Roger Wolfe Kahn, American band leader (b. 1907)
1996 - John Chancellor, American television journalist (b. 1927)
1996 - Jonathan Melvoin, American musician and keyboardist (Smashing Pumpkins) (b. 1961)
1999 - Bill Owen, British actor (b. 1914)
2003 - Benny Carter, American musician (b. 1907)
2004 - Betty Oliphant, co-founder of National Ballet of Canada (b. 1918)
Events1543 - King Henry VIII of England married his sixth and last wife, Catherine Parr at Hampton Court Palace.
1573 - Spanish forces under the Duke of Alva capture Haarlem after a seven month siege.
1580 - Ostrog Bible, the first printed Bible in a Slavic language, is published.
1690 - Williamite war in Ireland: Battle of the Boyne (Gregorian calendar) - The army of William III of England defeats that of the deposed King James VII of Scotland and II of England.
1691 - Williamite war in Ireland: Battle of Aughrim (Julian calendar) - The decisive victory of William's forces in Ireland.
1759 - Seven Years' War - French and Indian War: British cannons start firing on French at Quebec City, from Lévis, Quebec.
1806 - Sixteen German imperial states left the Holy Roman Empire and formed the Confederation of the Rhine.
1812 - War of 1812: The United States invades Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
1862 - Medal of Honor authorized by the United States Congress.
1892 - A hidden lake bursts out of a glacier on the side of Mont Blanc, flooding the valley below and killing around 200 villagers and holidaymakers in Saint Gervais.
1932 - Lambeth Bridge, London, opened by King George V of the United Kingdom
1932 - Hedley Verity establishes a first-class record by taking all ten wickets for only ten runs against Nottinghamshire on a pitch affected by a storm.
1933 - Congress passes the first federal minimum wage law in the United States: 33 cents per hour.
1943 - World War II: Battle of Prokhorovka - German and Soviet forces engage in largest tank engagement of all time.
1950 - René Pleven becomes Prime Minister of France.
1960 - Orlyonok, the main Young Pioneer camp of the Russian SFSR, is founded.
1967 - Four days of race riots begin in Newark, New Jersey that will claim the lives of 27 people.
1973 - A fire destroys the entire 6th floor of the National Personnel Records Center of the United States.
1975 - São Tomé and Príncipe declare independence.
1979 - Disco Demolition Night takes place in Chicago.
1979 - The island nation of Kiribati declares independence.
1993 - A magnitude 7.8 earthquake off the shore of Hokkaido, Japan launches a devastating tsunami, killing 202 on the small island of Okushiri.
2002 - Gay rights: The Superior Court of Ontario orders Ontario to recognize same-sex marriages.
2004 - Pedro Santana Lopes is officially appointed Prime Minister of Portugal.
2005 - Prince Albert II is enthroned as ruler of the Principality of Monaco.
2005 - Thunder Horse, the largest semi-submersible oil platform in the world, was found listing badly after hurricane Dennis.
HolidaysKiribati - Independence Day
Mongolia - Naadam Holiday (2nd day)
Northern Ireland - Battle of the Boyne Day (also known as Orangemen's Day or the Twelfth, see Irish calendar).
Newfoundland - Orangemen's Day
São Tomé and Príncipe - Independence Day
Sunset and sunrise occur along Manhattan's street grid centerline
The "center pivot irrigation day" of Colorado
RainMaker Day - Salem, OR.
Sveti Petar (St. Peter)
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