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Daily Facts - July 25
Births1109 - King Afonso I of Portugal (d. 1185)
1336 - Albert, Count of Holland (d. 1404)
1435 - Sir Rodrin, French philosopher (d. 1474)
1404 - Philip I, Duke of Brabant (d. 1430)
1421 - Henry Percy, 3rd Earl of Northumberland, English politician (d. 1461)
1562 - Kato Kiyomasa, Japanese warlord and samurai (d. 1611)
1653 - Agostino Steffani, Italian diplomat and composer (d. 1728)
1658 - Archibald Campbell, 1st Duke of Argyll, Scottish privy councillor (d. 1703)
1799 - David Douglas, Scottish botanist, plant collector, explorer (d. 1834)
1839 - Francis Garnier, French explorer (d. 1873)
1844 - Thomas Eakins, American artist (d. 1916)
1848 - Arthur Balfour, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1930)
1867 - Alexander Rummler, American painter (d. 1959)
1867 - Max Dauthendey, German writer (d. 1918)
1870 - Maxfield Parrish, American illustrator (d. 1966)
1883 - Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (d. 1947)
1884 - Davidson Black, Canadian anthropologist (d. 1934)
1886 - Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Danish big-game hunter (d. 1946)
1894 - Walter Brennan, American actor (d. 1974)
1901 - Lila Lee, American actress (d. 1973)
1902 - Eric Hoffer, American philosopher (d. 1983)
1905 - Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
1906 - Johnny Hodges, American saxophonist (d. 1970)
1907 - Varlam Shalamov, Russian writer (d. 1982)
1908 - Bill Bowes, English cricketer (d. 1987)
1918 - Jane Frank (born Jane Babette Schenthal), American artist (d. 1986)
1920 - Rosalind Franklin, English scientist (d. 1958)
1923 - Estelle Getty, American actress
1928 - Keter Betts, American jazz bassist (d. 2005)
1929 - Somnath Chatterjee, Indian politician
1930 - Maureen Forrester, Canadian contralto
1935 - Barbara Harris, American actress
1937 - Colin Renfrew, English archeologist
1946 - Rita Marley, Jamaican-Cuban singer
1954 - Walter Payton, American football player (d. 1999)
1955 - Iman Abdulmajid, Somali model
1958 - Thurston Moore, American musician (Sonic Youth)
1960 - Alain Robidoux, Canadian snooker player
1963 - Julian Hodgson, English chess player
1965 - Illeana Douglas, American actress
1967 - Matt LeBlanc, American actor
1967 - Chuck Paugh, American record company owner
1973 - Dani Filth, English singer (Cradle of Filth)
1973 - Kevin Phillips, English footballer
1975 - Michael C. Williams, American actor
1976 - Tera Patrick, American pornographic actress
1977 - Kenny Thomas, American basketball player
1978 - Louise Brown, first test tube baby
1978 - Gerard Warren, American football player
1979 - Amy Adams, American singer
1979 - Allister Carter, professional Snooker player
1982 - Brad Renfro, American actor
1985 - Nelson Angelo Piquet, Brazilian race car driver
1987 - Nathan Lawrence, American actor
1987 - Michael Welch, American actor
1988 - Heather Marks, Canadian supermodel
Deaths306 - Constantius Chlorus, Roman Emperor (b. 250)
1409 - King Martin I of Sicily
1492 - Pope Innocent VIII (b. 1432)
1616 - Andreas Libavius, German physician and chemist (b. 1550)
1643 - Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull, English statesman (b. 1584)
1676 - François Hédelin, abbé d'Aubignac, French writer (b. 1604)
1681 - Urian Oakes, English-born President of Harvard University (b. 1631)
1790 - Johann Bernhard Basedow, German education reformer (b. 1723)
1790 - William Livingston, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1723)
1791 - Isaac Low, American Continental Congressman (b. 1735)
1794 - André Chénier, French writer (b. 1762)
1826 - Kondraty Fyodorovich Ryleyev, Russian poet and revolutionary (b. 1795)
1834 - Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet (b. 1772)
1842 - Dominique Jean Larrey, French surgeon (b. 1766)
1843 - Charles Macintosh, Scottish chemist and inventor (b. 1766)
1853 - Joaquin Murieta, California outlaw
1861 - Jonas Furrer, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1805)
1887 - John Taylor, American religious leader (b. 1808)
1934 - François Coty, French perfume manufacturer (b. 1874)
1934 - Engelbert Dollfuss, Chancellor of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1892)
1934 - Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian anarchist (b. 1889)
1963 - Ugo Cerletti, Italian neurologist (b. 1877
1971 - Leroy Robertson, American composer (b. 1896)
1973 - Louis Stephen St. Laurent, twelfth Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1882)
1980 - Vladimir Vysotsky, Russian poet, singer, and actor (b. 1938)
1988 - Judith Barsi, American actress (b. 1978)
1996 - Howard Vernon, Swiss actor (b. 1914)
1997 - Ben Hogan, American golfer (b. 1912)
2000 - 113 Passengers, crew, and bystanders, as an Air France Concorde crashes near Paris.
2003 - Ludwig Bölkow, German aeronautical engineer (b. 1912)
2003 - John Schlesinger, British film director (b. 1926)
2005 - Albert Mangelsdorff, German jazz trombonist (b. 1928)
Events306 - Constantine I proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
864 - Edict of Pistres of Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings
1261 - The city of Constantinople is recaptured by Nicaean forces under the command of Michael VIII Palaeologus, thus re-establishing the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines also succeed in capturing Thessalonica and the rest of the Latin Empire.
1536 - Sebastián de Belalcázar on his search of El Dorado found the City of Santiago de Cali
1547 - Henry II (France) crowned
1567 - Don Diego de Losada founds the city of Santiago de Leon de Caracas, modern-day Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela.
1593 - Henry IV of France publicly converts from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism.
1693 - Ignacio de Maya founds the Real Santiago de las Sabinas, actual Sabinas Hidalgo, Nuevo León, México.
1722 - Three Years War begins along Maine and Massachusetts border.
1758 - French and Indian War: The island battery at Fortress Louisbourg in Nova Scotia is silenced and all French warships are destroyed or taken.
1759 - French and Indian War: In Canada, British forces capture Fort Niagara from French, who subsequently abandon Fort Rouillé.
1797 - Horatio Nelson loses more than 300 men and his right arm during the failed conquest attempt of Tenerife Island (Spain).
1799 - At Aboukir in Egypt, Napoleon I of France defeats 10,000 Ottomans under Mustafa Pasha.
1814 - War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane - Reinforcements arrive near Niagara Falls for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americans commences at 18.00; Americans retreat to Fort Erie.
1853 - Joaquin Murietta, famous Californio bandit known as "Robin Hood of El Dorado", is killed.
1861 - American Civil War: The Crittenden-Johnson Resolution is passed by the U.S. Congress stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.
1866 - The U.S. Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army (now called "5-star general") Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to have this rank.
1868 - Wyoming becomes a United States territory.
1869 - The Japanese daimyō begin returning their land holdings to the emperor as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese Date: June 17, 1869)
1894 - The First Sino-Japanese War begins when the Japanese fire upon a Chinese warship.
1897 - Writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush where he will write his first successful stories.
1898 - The United States invasion of Puerto Rico begins with U.S. troops landing at harbor of Guánica, Puerto Rico.
1907 - Korea becomes a protectorate of Japan.
1908 - Ajinomoto is born. Kikunae Ikeda of the Tokyo Imperial University discovers that a key ingredient in Konbu soup stock is monosodium glutamate (MSG) and patents a process for manufacturing it.
1909 - Louis Bleriot makes the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air machine (Calais to Dover in 37 minutes).
1917 - Sir Thomas Whyte introduces the first income tax in Canada as a "temporary" measure (lowest bracket is 4% and highest is 25%).
1920 - Telecommunications: first transatlantic two-way radio broadcast.
1925 - Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established.
1934 - Nazis assassinate Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in a failed coup attempt.
1943 - World War II: Benito Mussolini is forced out of office by his own Italian Grand Council and is replaced by Pietro Badoglio.
1944 - World War II: Operation Spring - One of the bloodiest days for Canadians during the war: 18,444 casualties, including 5,021 killed.
1946 - Nuclear testing: In the first underwater test of the atomic bomb, the surplus USS Saratoga is sunk near Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean when the United States detonates the "Baker Day" device.
1946 - At Club 500 in Atlantic City, New Jersey, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis stage their first show as a comedy team.
1952 - The U.S. territory of Puerto Rico adopts a constitution approved by the U.S. Congress
1956 - 45 miles south of Nantucket Island, the Italian ocean liner SS Andrea Doria sinks after colliding with the SS Stockholm in heavy fog, killing 51.
1958 - The African Regroupment Party (PRA) holds its first congress in Cotonou.
1965 - Newport Folk Festival: Bob Dylan goes electric.
1969 - Vietnam War: US President Richard Nixon declares the Nixon Doctrine stating that the United States now expects its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. This was the start of the "Vietnamization" of the war.
1973 - Soviet Mars 5 space probe launched.
1976 - The first performance of the Philip Glass opera Einstein on the Beach
1977 - A supposed thunderbird is reported attacking a boy named Marlon Lowe.
1978 - The first so-called test-tube baby, Louise Brown, is born.
1984 - Salyut 7 Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk.
1989 - Rock/Hip-hop trio The Beastie Boys release the classic Paul's Boutique.
1990 - Comedian Roseanne Barr grabs her crotch and spits on the ground when performing the "Star-Spangled Banner" at a San Diego Padres baseball game.
1993 - Israel launches a massive attack against Lebanon in what the Israelis call Operation Accountability and the Lebanese call Seven-Day War.
1994 - Israel and Jordan sign the Washington Declaration which formally ends the state of war that has existed between the nations since 1948.
1995 - a gas bottle exploded in station Saint Michel of line B of the RER (Paris regional train network). 8 were killed and 80 wounded.
1997 - K.R. Narayanan is sworn-in as India's 10th president and the first Dalit— formerly called untouchable— to hold this office.
1998 - The United States Navy commissions the aircraft carrier USS Harry S. Truman and puts her into service.
1999 - Lance Armstrong wins his first Tour de France.
2000 - Air France Flight 4590, a Concorde supersonic passenger jet, G_BTSC, crashes just after takeoff from Paris killing all 109 aboard and 4 on the ground.
2004 - Lance Armstrong makes history, winning his 6th consecutive Tour de France.
HolidaysRoman festivals - Furinalia
Galiza - National Day (Dia da Patria Galega).
Roman Catholicism - the feasts of at least 7 saints:
St. Saint James the Great, the patron saint of Spain.
St. Christopher
St. Cucufas/Cougat
St. Nissen
St. Thea
St. Valentine
St. Paul
Costa Rica - Anniversary of the Annexation of Guanacaste Province
Cuba - Eve of Revolution Day
Mexico - Anniversary of the Foundation of Santiago de Querétaro
Puerto Rico - Constitution Day (1952)
Tunisia - Republic Day (1957)
Virgin Islands - Hurricane Supplication Day
Inca - festival in honor of Ilyap'a
Ebernoe Horn Fair, Sussex, England
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